Want an "A" on your next research paper?
Sunday, November 9, 2008
Want an "A" on your next research paper?
Want an "A" on your next research paper?
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
The new airport was originally planned to accommodate 3.5 million passengers a year, but this has now been redesigned to handle 12 million passengers. The redesign resulted in an increase in the size of the terminal, number of aircraft stands, new taxiway layouts and supporting infrastructure.
A plan is also being processed for a direct rail service from Bangalore Cantonment Railway Station to the Basement Rail terminal at the airport. Access on the National Highway 7 is being widened to a six lane expressway, with a 3 feet (0.91 m) boundary wall, as construction moves ahead.
A new expressway was planned to connect the airport to the city's Ring Road. The expressway, expected to be a tolled road, would begin at Hennur on the Outer Ring Road. However the State government, citing a study report of the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), has told the Karnataka High Court that the proposed super expressway connecting the Outer Ring Road and Bangalore International Airport (BIA) is not feasible.
Location: The Bangalore / Bengaluru International Airport is located 35km (21 miles) North of Bangalore city center (M.G Road) and off National Highway 7 (Bangalore-Hyderabad Highway). Note: For directions to Hebbal and from there take the Bangalore-Hyderabad NH7.
Airport specifications
The passenger terminal is a single, fully air-conditioned, four-level building capable of accommodating international and domestic operations. The basement houses the retail storage, rest areas and services. The arrival and departure areas are separated vertically with a modern, simple, straight-ahead flow system. The domestic and international departure lounges, and the majority of the retail outlets are located on level 2 (first floor). The check-in facilities and baggage reclaim are located on level 1 (ground floor). The terminal is designed for ease of operation and minimum maintenance.
The total floor area is approximately 171,000 m2 (1,840,000 sq ft). The terminal building is designed to accommodate 4,733 passengers at peak hour. The design reflects the best industry practice and caters for 24-hour-operations, under all weather conditions. All facilities provided will meet IATA standards.
The airport can handle 14 million people per annum with 50aircraft movement per hour and an estimated 550 movement in May 2008.
Common Use Terminal Equipment (CUTE) enabled check-in counters: 117 and 66 self check in counters.
The airport has 40 gates, 18 aero-bridges, including nine double arm and 19 remote bus bays. There are a total of 82 aircraft stands, all of which have a fueling pit. This is the first time in Indian airports that the parking stands have the fueling pits. The underground pits helps the aircraft to fuel from the stand itself.
In the first phase of development, a car park for 4,000 cars in front of the terminal building at the ground level has been developed for the convenience of passengers and visitors to the airport.
The airport has one runway as of now. The runway can accommodate all types of aircraft including the Airbus A380. There are plans to build a second runway when the annual traffic of the airport reaches 18 million passengers per year which is currently estimated to reach around 2013-2014.
The runway, orientated 09/27, is 4,900 m (16,076 ft) by 45 m (150 ft) with light light paved shoulders making it 60 m (200 ft).
The frequencies in use at BLR are:
ATC Frequencies at BLR | |||
| Call Sign | Used for | Frequency |
1 | Bangalore Tower | Runway to 6,000 ft (1,800 m) | 123.45 MHz |
2 | Bangalore Approach | 6,000 ft (1,800 m) feet to 12,000 ft (3,700 m) | 121.25 MHz and 121.75 MHz |
3 | Bangalore Ground | Ground movement - off runway | 121.65 MHz |
4 | Clearance delivery position | All departures to contact 15min prior to pushback giving the departures/ flight details | 121.825 MHz |
5 | Bangalore ASR/TAR | Information | 119.45 MHz |
Most aircraft move to Chennai ATC airspace immediately before or after Bangalore. Chennai ATC is operated on 119.5 MHz.
Cost: Rs 2,470 crore (approx. $600 Million USD) A User Development Fee of Rs. 1070 will be collected from all outbound international passengers using the Bengaluru International Airport. The User Development Fee is towards the cost for construction and operation of the airport and has been approved by the Ministry of Civil Aviation of India.
Monday, September 22, 2008
JAMMU & KASHMIR- GOD'S OWN COUNTRY


A land of turbulent past and present, the missionaries of Emperor Ashoka introduced the Buddhism in the region.



Moghul emperor Akbar conquered it in 1586 and thus Kashmir became a part of his vast empire.

1757 saw the victory of Ahmed Shah Durrani and Kashmir went out to Pakistan until 1819, when Ranjit Singh won it again to annex it to his Sikh empire. In 1846, the British defeated the Sikhs and sold it to Ghulab Singh of Jammu for Rs 7.5 million under the Treaty of Amritsar and gave him the status of an independent princely ruler of Kashmir.


The India-Pakistan partition took place during the reign of Hari Singh in 1947 and the rulers of princely states were given the choice to freely accede to either India or Pakistan or to remain independent.

Dal Lake has rightfully become an icon of the Kashmir tourism industry. A Himalayan urban lake, it has five basins and a number of channels that are well linked with each other. There are plenty of fishes in Dal Lake and fishery is the second largest industry of the region centered on the lake.


Houseboats form an indelible part of the scenery of the Dal Lake that are always ready to take tourists to a romantic and peaceful ride of the lake and soothe their nerves as the houseboat floats over the slightly rippling waters. They also offer some of the most exotic views of the splendid scenery of the Dal Lake.

There are Shikaras that look like small ornate versions of the gondolas of Venice that offers ferry rides to and from the banks of the lake to the houseboats.

The glorious Mughal gardens on its shores contribute to the beauty of the Dal Lake.



Jammu City
A view of Jammu City, JammuKashmir
The city of Jammu, besides being the winter capital of the state, is also known as the city of temples. It is believed that Raja Jamboo Lochan originally founded the city in the 14th century.

In 1730, the city came under the rule of the Dogra king, Raja Dhruv Deva and under the patronage of Dogra rulers; Jammu became an important centre of art and culture, especially the Pahari School of paintings.

Today, the beautiful city of Jammu boasts of innumerable temples and shrines, refreshing environs, pleasant climate, breathtaking views and harmonious existence of Hindus and Muslims.
Flying into Leh, the cold desert land, over the magnificent Himalayas is a beautiful and scary experience at once. Leh Palace illuminated by huge halogen lamps looks like a bewitching castle on a hilltop set ablaze in the dark nights of the Leh.



